A Study on the Temperament of Complementary Colors in Two Paintings by Abolhasan Ghaffari of the Characterization of Rijals

Statement of the problem: Paintings in the Qajar historical period are one of the manifestations of the art and art of Iranian painting history; The first aspect of the importance of studying the enduring works of Iranian painting in this period; The transfer of tradition, culture and art in the history of art is to the Qajar period. One of the most important of these cases is the ancient tradition of color and its knowledge in the Qajar period and its representation in paintings. Abul Hasan Ghafari Kashani is one of the most important famous artists of the Qajar period in the field of court portrait painting, and in addition to his original and unique features, his detailed understanding of the use of complementary colors in the scientific history of color is also discussed. An important feature that has not been investigated in Qajar period painting and especially his works. The main questions in this research are as follows: How was the way of representation and use of complementary colors in the representation of characterization in the works of Abolhasan Ghafari Kashani? What measures did he use to use complementary colors in his portrait painting for moderation?
Purpose: From the present research, the study of scientific colorism and the use of complementary colors and color combination in the use of warm and cold colors in two portrait paintings of two Qajar figures, one is unknown and the other is Muir al-Mamalek.
Research method: This research was qualitative and descriptive-analytical, and the works were examined based on the examination of color principles and visual rules of complementary colors used in painting based on the appearance characteristics of the characters.
Findings: This research shows that Abolhassan Ghafari, the designer and prominent painter of the Qajar period, had color knowledge and how to use complementary colors simultaneously and limitedly, and he used it consciously in decorating and dividing surfaces. His works have a great variety in the use of complementary colors, motifs and decorations in terms of color knowledge and are used with special visual accuracy in the face, clothes and image space. Color comparison, simultaneous contrast and attention to the warmth and coldness of the colors have been the attention of the artist.Problem Statement: Abolhasan Ghaffari Kashani was one of the most important famous artists of the Qajar period in the field of courtly portrait painting, and in his paintings, in addition to his original and unique features, his complete and accurate knowledge of the use of complementary colors in the scientific history of color is also discussed. Color temperament in color theory was observed and considered in the artist's works to display the works of portraits of Rijals, but so far this traditional color theory has not been studied independently. Purpose: The present study aims to study traditional color theory based on color temperament and simultaneous contrast and the use of cold and warm colors in two of his portrait paintings.
The main questions in this study are as follows: How was the representation and use of complementary colors in the representation of the characterization of Abolhasan Ghaffari Kashani's works?
Research Method: This research is qualitative and descriptive-analytical, and the works are based on the study of traditional color principles.
Findings: This research shows that Abolhassan was fully familiar with the knowledge of color and how to use complementary colors, along with the knowledge of color temperament. In his works, simultaneous contrast and attention to the warm and cold nature of colors were of interest to the artist.