Space and Social Justice: A Cinematic Narrative of Spatial Separation Based on Roland Barthes' Five Codes (Bong Joon-ho's Parasite)

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Ph.D. Graduate, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract

Cities have become more and more a place where the phenomena of extreme poverty, social destruction, and social isolation are concentrated. It should be mentioned that the social inequalities reflected in the processes of urban segregation have been the subject of growing literature in the world. It should be mentioned that the social inequalities reflected in the processes of urban segregation have been the subject of growing literature in the world. The turn toward human practice and the analysis of spatial behavior has become one of the most fundamental categories in contemporary spatial understanding. This renewed conception of space—along with the interweaving of social life with linguistic systems—has led to an increasing integration of art and literature with the sciences in general, and with the social sciences in particular. Our assumption and insight in the article is based on the principle that deterministic science and knowledge of a geographical phenomenon such as separation is always related to art and philosophy. The necessity of spatial separation representation in the use of the artistic method is shown in this way that the work of art always brings together the understanding of the problem by solving or problematizing the problem by combining the two elements of consciousness/unconsciousness as well as the status quo/ideal. In the current research, we investigate the problem of spatial separation by using the qualitative approach and Roland Barthes' five codes. The question of the present article is, what is the representation of urban separation in the film Parasite, under the use of Roland Barthes' Five Codes? The main theme of this cinematic narrative of separatism can be seen in the understanding of cities as the existential arena of discourse/power. Here, by deconstructing the symbolic/real dualities, the representation of justice and the issue of urban separation takes on a postmodern cognitive flavor. It keeps us active in facing this phenomenon. A situation in which different narratives engage in a conversation where there is no possibility of the superiority of a narrative except for its general understanding and meaning by the people.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

- اسپرهم، داود؛ شاگشتاسبی، مولود؛ سالاری، عزیزلله (۱۳۹۸)، تحلیل روایی داستان نخجیران و شیر مثنوی معنوی با رویکرد زبان‌شناسی رمزگان رولان بارت، پژوهشنامه نقد ادبی و بلاغت، 8 (1)، 1-20.
- افراخته، حسن (۱۳۹۴)، انباشت سرمایه و تشدید مخاطرات محیطی شهر- منطقه تهران، نشریه تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات محیطی، دوره ۲ (4)، ۴۷-64.
- اکبری­ گلزار، مهدی؛ زائری، قاسم (1399)، بازنمایی تصویر زن در فیلم شبی که ماه کامل شد (کاربست تحلیل روایت و نشانه­ شناسی رولان بارت)، نشریه زن در فرهنک و هنر، 12 (3)، 367-349.
- پین، مایکل (1392)، بارت و فوکو و آلتوسر، ترجمه پیام یزدان‌جو، تهران: انتشارات مرکز.
- ساوج، مایک، واردآلن­ووارد، کوین‌ (1398)، جامعه ­شناسی شهری، ترجمه ابوالقاسم پوررضا، تهران: انتشارات سمت.
- سجودی، فرزان (1387)، نشانه ­شناسی کاربردی، تهران: انتشارات علم.
- صفیئی، کامبیز؛ سلامی، مسعود (۱۳۹۰)، توضیح و معرفی متدولوژی رمزگان پنج­ گانه رولات بارت با نمونه عملی از نمایشنامه فیزیکدان­ ها اثر فریدریش دورنمات، مطالعات نقد ادبی (پژوهش ادبی)، 24، 199-221.
- قهرمانی، علی؛ شیدایی، آرزو؛ حسینی، صدیقه (1398)، تحلیل داستان الغریب نجیب کیلانی بر مبنای رمزگان پنج ­گانه بارت، دو فصلنامه علمی نقد ادب معاصر غربی، 9 (17)، 25-47.
- کاسی، فاطمه (1387)، تحلیل ساختاری داستان پادشاه سیاه ­پوش از منظر بارت و گرماس، نشریه ادب پژوهی، 2 (5)، 200-183.
- کرسول، جان‌ (1398)، پویش کیفی و طرح پژوهش؛ انتخاب از میان پنج رویکرد (روایت پژوهی، پدیدارشناسی، نظریه  داده ­بنیاد، قوم­ نگاری، مطالعه ­موردی)، ترجمه دانایی ­فرد و کاظمی، تهران: انتشارات صفار.
- لوفور، هانری (1395)، تولید فضا، ترجمه محمود عبدا...زاده، تهران: انتشارات مرکز مطالعات و برنامه ­ریزی شهر تهران.
 
- Andersen, H. S (2002), Excluded Places: The Interaction Between Segregation, Urban Decay and Deprived Neighbourhoods, Housing, Theory and Society, 19 (3): 153-169. doi:10.1080/140360902321122860
- Barthes’ Five Codes (n.d.), 12/03/2025, 11:30, from http://changingminds.org/disciplines/storytelling/articles/barthes_five_codes.htm
- Bharathi, N, Malghan, D, Mishra, S, Rahman, A (2021), Fractal urbanism: City size and residential segregation in India, World Development, 141: 105397. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X21000097
- Critelli, G, Musella, M (2016), Social Segregation in Urban Area: The Results of a Project in the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 223: 89-94. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042816303913
- Dadashpoor, H, Ghazaie, M (2019), Exploring the consequences of segregation through residents' experiences: Evidence of a neighborhood in the Tehran metropolis, Cities, 95: 102391. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264275118305067
- Dikec, M (2001), Justice and the Spatial Imagination, Environment and Planning, 33: 1785-1805.
- Goswami, S (2014), Michel Foucault: Structures of Truth and Power, European Journal of Philosophical Research, 1 (1): 8-20.
- L, Y, Luo, J, Chan, E (2020), Spatial justice in public open space planning: Accessibility and inclusivity, Habitat International, 97: 102122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102122
- Marcuse, P (2009), Spatial Justice: Derivative but Causal of Social Injustice, spatial justice, September. https://www.jssj.org/article/la-justice-spatialea-la-fois-resultante-et-cause-de-linjustice-sociale/
- Monkkonen, P, Comandon, A, Escamilla, J, Guerra, E (2018), Urban sprawl and the growing geographic scale of segregation in Mexico, 1990–2010, Habitat International, 73: 89-95. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0197397517307750
- Nikiforova, B (2016), Place, Non-Place, Multi-Place and the (Non) Possibilities of Identity: Philosophical, Social, and Communicational Aspects, Coactivity: Philosophy, Communication, 24 (2): 83-84.
- Nulman, E (2021), Coronavirus Capitalism Goes to the Cinema, London: Routledg. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003173472
- Pirie, G. H (1983), On spatial justice, Environment and Planning, 15: 465-473.
- Smets, P, Salman, T (2016), The multi-layered-ness of urban segregation: On the simultaneous inclusion and exclusion in Latin American cities, Habitat International, 54: 80-87. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0197397515001708
- Soja, E, (2009), The City and Spatial Justice, Nanterre: Presses universities de Paris Nanterre. https://books.openedition.org/pupo/415
- Sudradjat, I (2012), Foucault, the Other Spaces, and Human Behaviour, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 36: 28-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.004
- Uwayezua, E, Vriesa, W (2019), Scoping land tenure security for the poor and low-income urban dwellers from a spatial justice lens, Habitat International, 91: 102016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.102016
- Wissink, B, Schwanen, T, Kempenc, R (2019), Beyond residential segregation: Introduction, Cities, 59: 126-130. …………………………………………………………………………….. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264275116304541
Journal of Applied Arts
Volume 5, Issue 4 - Serial Number 20
December 2025
Pages 17-32

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 29 July 2024
  • Revise Date: 13 March 2025
  • Accept Date: 15 March 2025

Share

How to cite

Statistics