Symbols of Zoroastrian Gods on the Parthian Drachma Coins of Reza Abbasi Museum with an emphasis on Izad Mehr

Coins are engraved metals that are similar to a book full of historical, cultural, religious, and mythological information that can survey their motifs through symbolism. Therefore, studying the images and symbols on them opens a window to ancient periods for researchers. The Parthians (Arsacid) is one of the most important periods of ancient Iran. due to their long reign, they minted many coins with various motifs. The aim of this study is identifying the symbols of Mehr (Mithras) in the Parthian drachma coins of Ekbatan mint, to be revealed the religious belief of the rulers of this period. This research has been done in a descriptive-analytical method with an iconographic approach, which is a method of collecting information and data based on library and museum studies. The statistical society consists, two hundred and fifty coins in the repository of the Reza Abbasi Museum were examined and studied. These coins were purchased from individuals and collectors in the years before the 1979 Revolution. The results show, according to Zoroastrian religious texts, the motifs that symbolize Mithras are: Bow, Rosette, Flag, Ring, Bird, Star and Moon. Parthian Kings have used these symbols since the beginning of their reign which is caused by their being warriors and nomads. Symbols of Mithras increase during the reign of Mithradase II to Artabanos II (121 BC- 38 AD), Its probably caused by the increase of their power in the region and from the reign Vologases I to the end of the period, the symbols of Mehr are removed from the drachmas, on the king's hat can be seen deer antler symbol which originates from the nomadic traditions of Central Asia. Considering that Parthian kings were liberal in religious matters. they did not have an official religion but mostly they have used Mehr(Mithra) symbols in the drachmas.