The central region of Hamadan County is recognized as the most important center for carpet production in the province, noted for its distinctive technical characteristics and region-specific weaving traditions. These features, many of which are unique to the area, embody centuries of accumulated craftsmanship and cultural identity. Despite the historical and commercial importance of Hamadan carpets, relatively few academic studies have examined their structural and technical dimensions in detail. This research was therefore undertaken with the primary aim of documenting and analyzing the technical and structural components of carpets produced in the central region of Hamadan County. The study is fundamental in nature and employs a descriptive–analytical approach. Data collection combined documentary research with extensive fieldwork, including direct observation, semi-structured interviews with local weavers and craftsmen, and the use of structured observation cards for recording technical details. The statistical population comprised carpets woven in the central region of Hamadan, from which 34 samples were selected through purposive sampling to represent a variety of structural types and weaving practices. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively, with an emphasis on identifying recurring technical patterns as well as variations. The analysis of 21 representative carpets revealed a high degree of consistency across fundamental technical features. These include the tools used in weaving, the type and material of vertical looms, warping techniques, the use of cotton warps and woolen wefts, the alternation of thick and thin wefts, the type and quality of knots, weaving style, selvedge binding, kilim end finishes, warp-end arrangements, and trimming practices. Together, these elements form the technical identity of Hamadan’s central weaving tradition, clearly distinguishing it from neighboring regions. At the same time, variations were observed in knot density, carpet dimensions, and overall weaving quality. Knot density emerged as the most significant point of differentiation, with an average range of approximately 35 to 50 knots per square inch. These differences reflect both the skill and training of individual weavers and the intended function or market of the carpets. The study also highlighted patterns of continuity and change within the weaving tradition. While structural practices have remained largely stable, the quality of materials has shifted with the increasing use of chemically dyed fibers and machine-spun yarns, sometimes reducing durability and aesthetic refinement. Nevertheless, the persistence of Hamadan’s characteristic weaving style underlines the resilience of local craft knowledge despite the pressures of modernization and industrial competition. In conclusion, the central region of Hamadan County remains a key center of carpet production, defined by identifiable and distinctive technical features. By systematically documenting structural components such as loom construction, warping, knotting, and finishing, this study contributes to the scholarly understanding of Iranian carpets and establishes a foundation for comparative studies with other weaving regions. The findings emphasize not only the cultural and artistic significance of Hamadan carpets but also the necessity of preserving traditional knowledge to sustain their authenticity, value, and economic relevance in contemporary contexts.